Referat Amnesty International

_{Amnesty International}

In our talk we want to tell you about Amnesty International. We chose this topic, because last year, we had a young- AI- group and this year, I've become

member of the local group in Baden.

Today, we want to talk about its story of AI, the members, campaigns, the aims and the results. (Folie!!!!!)

First, I'll tell you about the beginning of the organisation AI.

In 9 1, a London lawyer, Peter Benenson read about a group of students in Portugal, who were arrested and jailed for raising a toast to "freedom" in a public restaurant. This incident prompted him to launch a one year campaign called "Appeal Amnesty 9 1" in the "London Observer", a local newspaper. "Appeal for Amnesty" ® release of all people prisoned because of peaceful expression of their believes, politics, race, religion, colour or national origin. (® no violence)

_{Benenson: "prisoners of conscience"}

He wanted people to write letters to governments of countries with prisoners of conscience. The campaign grew enormously - spread to other countries-

By the end of '61 AI was formed / AI was founded on the fact, that people have

fundamental rights that transcend national/cultural/religious/ ideological boundaries. Worked for fair trails for all prisoners of conscience. Based on the United Nations Universal Declaration Human Rights.

Earliest activities: individual letter writing to governments/to families of the prisoners (to offer help)/ worked extremely well / AI works for individuals not for countries or political systems and it does not want to change political systems.

During the late '60s, local groups were formed to specialise on certain cases and countries. They reached out for schools, churches, business and labour unions. ® public work ®new members and resources

After some mistakes and consequent bad publicity, it was decided that members of AI should not work for their own countries, only on cases outside their country. ( impartiality ® to ensure impartiality = except in cases capital punishment or refugee issues/ helps to eliminate suspition of political motivation)

In early times, there were many professors or other higher educated people, working for AI. But since the 80s, this has changed ® more young people

(students) ® youth groups that organised events or public activities together with local groups.

Mid '80s: musicians/artists adopted AI as special concerts ® donated profits to the group. Tremendous growth and new visibility for the organisation.

Increased AI's budget® new offices/ new staff all over the world.

All is effective because of its impartiality and its independence from all governments, political or religious factions and economic interests. Mostly, there are volunteers carrying out the work of AI. They write letters to countries that abuse human rights (through imprisonment, harassment, threats, physical mistreatment, torture, disappearances or politically- motivated murder):

-     organise demos

-     write press- releaves

-     found letter- writing groups at their churches

For AI it is important to shop/prevent torture, to improve the conditions in the prisons and to give hope to the prisoners.

_{The aims of Amnesty International:}

AI- members work for individuals or groups of people suffering the range of human rights violations in the organisation's mandate and not for countries or political systems. AI does not want to change political systems.

AI fights against extrajudical executions, disappearances, torture,

politically- motivated murder, harassment, threats, physical mistreatments, unfair trials, ill- treatment, detention without charge or trial and of course the death penalty

For AI it is important to improve the conditions in the prisons and to give

hope to the prisoners.

The members write letters to the government or the families, who are affected in any way.

They also organise demonstrations, campaigns and other activities.

_{Specialist Networks}

Amnesty International has specialist networks, who use their specialist expertise to campaign for victims of human rights violations. These networks are:

The Medical Network

this group includes some 0 0 members, organised in medical groups and networks in around 5 countries. The network took action on 4 medical and urgent actions focussing on 24 countries.

The International Legal Network:

this network is very important for AI. Groups of lawyers, judges, magistrates,

academics, law students and others work in many ways:

- they act as technical advisers to the movement;

- as links between the movement and the wider legal profession

- as defenders of victims of human rights abuses, including other human rights defenders and promoters of legal reforms.

The International Network on company Approaches:

AI- business groups try to develop their contacts with companies based in

their countries through seminars, round- table discussions, and smaller bilateral meetings at which AI promotes the responsibility of companies to adhere to human rights principles throughout their practices.

The Inter- sectional Women's Network:

Consists out of members and staff from AI- sections in at least 0 sections.

The Youth & Student Groups:

AI has about 0 0 youth or student groups world wide with contact people in

at least 5 sections. These are often active campaigners taking up the full range of AI concerns.

The International Working Groups for children:

There are coordinators of work on children's human rights in at least

sections.

Amnesty International Members for Lesbian & Gay concerns:

At least 0 sections have contact people for this network, and in some countries

these contacts represent a large number of active member campaigning against human rights violations against individuals or groups because of their sexuality.

Military Security and Police (MSP) Contacts:

At least 0 sections have contact people working on MSP transfers, relate to

human rights within AI's mandate.

_{The money:}

AI's funding reflects its independence and its reliance on broad public support. The organisation gets no money from governments. The hundreds of thousands of donations that sustain AI's work come from the pocket of its members and the public, organisations, foundations and companies.

The international budget is spent on professional research by AI staff into

human rights violations world wide, on delegations that observe trials and make representation to governments, and on the movement's international public information campaigning and development activities.

The money is spent on research and action, campaigning Publication & Translation costs, human rights Education & Promotion International Meetings, Administration cost of planning and audit, Human Technology Facility costs and on families, who are effected by human rights violations.

_Today

The organisation's nerve centre is the International Secretariat in London with more than 0 permanent staff and 5 volunteers from more than 0 countries.

The secretary General is Pierre Sané.

Ai is governed by a nine- member International Executive Committee (IEC). It comprises eight volunteer members, elected every two years by an International Council comprising representatives of the world wide movement and an elected member of the International Secretariat.

Today, AI has more than one million members subscribers and regular donors in more than 0 countries and territories all over the world. There are over

3 0 local AI groups registered with the International secret, in addition to the

many thousands of schools, universities, professional and other groups, which do not normally register internationally. There national organised sections in

5 countries, 3 of them in Latin America, the Caribbean, Africa, Asia and the middle East and Central Europe.

AI worked on about 0 cases. % of them were successful.

The results of AI's work are: better situations in prisons, new trials, less risk of torture and releases. But even 2 of 3 are suppressed by the government.

: in 8 AI organised 97 urgent actions. That are important actions, concerning humans who need help as fast as possible.

Ten thousands of humans were tortured in 1 5 countries. Some thousand humans died by beeing tortured and inhuman situations in prisons.

The most executions took place in the USA, in China, in the Congo and the

Iran.

Every year AI has some main campaigns. This year the organisation fights

against human rights violences in the USA and Brasilia.

Words:

1.)The Beginning

to transcend- a boundary-

a trial-

a volunteer- harassment-

2.) the aims of AI

a mandate-

extrajudical executions- detention without charge-

3.) specialist networks to focus-

an adviser- a promoter-

a bilateral meeting-

staff-

4.) the money

a funding-

reliance an broad public support- a donation-

an audit-

to comprise-

5.) today

to elect-

a subscriber-

a release- Freilassung

_{Amnesty International}

Structure ) the beginning of Amnesty International

2.) the aims of Amnesty International

3.) specialist Networks

4.) the money

5.) today

_{some facts about Amnesty International:}

1 Amnesty International was formed by Peter Benenson

-      earliest activities: letter writing to governments & affected families

-     in the late 0 s local groups were formed. They reached out for schools, churches, business and labour unions to find new members and resources

-     they ensured impartiality = to except in cases capital punishment or refugee issues/helps to eliminate suspicion of political motivation)

-     since the 0 s there are youth groups

-     AI's work is effective because of its impartiality and its independence from all governments, political or religious factions & economic interests

-     Their aims are: to fight against extrajudical executions, disappearances, torture, politically- motivated murder, harassment, threats, physical punishment, unfair trials, ill- treatment, detention without charge or trial and the death penalty

-     Fight without violence: they write letters, organise demonstrations, campaigns, actions (urgent actions), etc.

-     AI has specialist networks, who use their specialist expertise to campaign for victims of human rights violations: the Medical network, the International

Legal network, the International network on Company Approaches, the Inter-

sectional Women's network, the Youth & Student groups, the International Working groups for Children, AI Members for Lesbian & Gay concerns and the Military Security & Police (MSP) Contacts

-     The organisation gets no money from governments. The money comes from the pockets of AI's members & the public, organisations, foundations and companies.

-     The organisation's nerve centre is the International Secretariat in London

( ~ 20 permanent staff and 5 volunteers)

-     AI has more than one million members in over 0 countries. There are about 35 0 local groups all over the world.

-     The organisation has national organised sections in 5 countries

-     The results of AI's work: % of about 0 cases successful, better situations in prisons, new trials, less risk or torture, releases;