CANADA
History
Canada's first
inhabitants arrived 30.000 years ago. The first Europeans were Nordsmen, or
Vikings, from Scandinavia. In 1497, an
Englishman, John Cabot, set out to try to reach the Far East, and, instead,
landed in Newfoundland.
In 1534 a French explorer, Jaques Cartier, mapped the Gulf
of St. Lawrence. The Europeans began trade with the Native people.
In 1608 groups of French and English were starting permanent settlements. Canada's first
census was taken in 1667: there were 3215 non-Native inhabitants in 668 families.
In the 1750s, the tensions between the French and the English in the colonies
spread to the two groups in Canada
and fighting frequently broke out. A major difference between the groups was
religion: the British were mostly Protestant and the French were Catholics.
After the USA won
independance in 1776, many English-speaking colonists came to Canada. The
separate British colonies began to grow. On July 1, 1867, Canada East, Canada
West, New Brunswick and Nova Scotia, under the British North America Act,
joined together to become one nation: the Dominion of Canada. New provinces
were created from these territories: Manitoba
in 1870 and later on, in 1905, Alberta and Saskatchewan. The
remaining land became the Northwest
Territories. At hte end of the 19th
century, thousands of immigrants were still arriving in Canada. The
world was beginning to see Canada
as an independant country. After World War II Canada was the fourth largest
industrial country in the world. Newfoundland
became Canada's
10th province in 1949. At mid-century, Canada's population had reached
14009429. 1960 Canada
made international headlines when the first Canadian satellite was launched.
1967 over 55 million visitors came to Montreal
to visit Expo 67. Alberta's
economy grew very quickly in the 1970s. the 1970s also saw the beginnings of
the Greenpeace ecology movement. Hig technology spread into all elements of
life in the 1980s. Canada's
Charter of Rights and Freedoms, which became law in 1982, included a guarantee
of equality between men and women.
Facts about Canada
Climate: Highly varied.
Mountain ranges included: e.g.: West Rockies; highest mountain: Mount
Logan, 5951 metres, Yukon
Principal lakes included: e.g.: Ontario,
largest lake entirely within Canada,
Great Bear, 3128 square kilometres, Yukon
Principal rivers included: e.g.: St. Lawrence ( 3864 kilometres long
carries deep-shipping from the Atlantic Ocean to the head of the Great Lakes)
System of governement: Canada
is a federal state with democratic parliamentary representation.
National emblem. The meaple leaf.
Currency: The Canadian dollar
Population: 25 million
Native peoples: 491.460- includes Inuit, Indian and Mètis.
Religion: Roman Catholic and Protestant
Official languages: English and French
Mother tongue: English 14.9 million; French 6.2 million; other 3.1
million
Ethnic origin: British and Irish 44.6 per cent; French 28.7 per cent;
other European 23 per cent; Asiatic 1.3 per cent
Culture: Canadian society is composed of many races and is considered to
be multicultured.
Education: Eight years primary; four to five years secondary and three
to four years of high education.
Sports: e.g.: ice hockey
Natural resources include: natural gas, crude oil, coal, gold, iron ore,
silver, molybdenum, uranium, zinc, for water
Principal industries include:Petroleum refining, motor vehicle
production, pulp and paper milling, meat processing, iron and steel milling,
machinery and eequipment manufacturing
