Referat Science Fiction

_{Science Fiction}

Science Fiction is the fictional treatment of the effects of science or future events on human beings. More precisely, science fiction deals with events that did not happen, have not yet happened or are impossible to happen now. It considers these events rationally in terms both of explanation and of consequences for the human race. The most common subjects for science fiction are the future, travel through space or time, life on other planets, and crises created by technology or alien creatures and environments.

The first major writer of science fiction in English, however, and the man who may be considered the father of modern science fiction is H G. Wells. More interested in biology and evolution than in the physical sciences and more concerned about the social consequences of invention than the accuracy of the invention itself, Wells from

94 on wrote stories of science invested with irony and realistic conviction. His reputation grew rapidly after the publication of The Time Machine in 8 5.

Time travelling is as like as space travelling a possibility to show the unreality, which is found in this kind of literature. Referred to The Time Machine Wells is presenting time travelling as a result of scientistic development. By this way it is easier for the reader to believe that such a kind of machine could really exist.

The subjects of science fiction have been touched upon by fantastic literature since ancient times. The Babylonian Gilgamesh Epic dealt with a search for ultimate knowledge and the Greek myths of Daedalus with the technology of flying just as there was the wish of flying to the moon. Trips to the moon were described by figures as diverse as the French writer Cyrano de Bergerac and the German astronomer Johannes Kepler in the

th century and the British philosopher and novelist William Godwin in the 9th, among others. Another subject, the structure of better societies or better worlds, which goes back at least to the th century BC with Plato's The Republic, was reintroduced and given a generic name when Sir Thomas More wrote Utopia' in

. Stories of an imaginary voyage were usually written for satirical purposes; perhaps the finest example is

'Gulliver s Travels', written in 7 6 by the English satirist Jonathan Swift. But science fiction could not have existed in its present form without the recognition of social change at the beginning of the Industrial Revolution, which was around 7 0. The first great specialist of science fiction was the French author Jules Verne, who dealt with geology and cave exploration in Journey to the Center of the Earth' , space travel in From the

Earth to the Moon' ) and Off on a Comet' , and the submarine and underwater marvels in

Leagues Under the Sea' (1 7 .