Referat Angola: The political parties

Angola:

The political parties

The four main military parties of Angola are:

The FNLA: National front for the liberation of Angola

(Front National de Liberation de l'Angola)

The MPLA: Popular movement for the liberation of Angola

( Movimento Popular de Libertaco de l'Angola)

The UNITA: National Union for the total independence of Angola

(Uniaco Nacional para a Idepencia Total da Angola) The FLEC: Front for the liberation of Cambinda

The FNLA that primary acts from Zaire which is in the north east of Angola, got a leader named Roberto Holden. He is not able to organise the party, neither politically, nor militarily. The most important problem of the FNLA is the Corruption. The leader embezzles money which is needed for buying weapons. In addition to this he is claimed to act tribalistic.

The FNLA was very important in the beginning of the war, later they lost their presence in the cities. This party was supported by the USA, but later, as the USA stopped supporting the war, they got money from Saudi Arabia.

The MPLA, the now most important party, is an elitary organisation with the highest popularity in the cities. They are strongly influenced by the Portuguese culture, and they are modern. The other parties claim them of not being Africans any more. The MPLA fought against Colonialism in general and not only against the Portuguese government. They are strongly Marxistic orientated. Because of that, they were supported by the USSR and Cuba. The MPLA won the democratic elections of which the UNITA claims that they manipulated the results.

Their military tactic are, because of their military power, straight offences, and in addition to that they execute high status people of the other fractions. In a UNITA document which I have found in the internet, I read about a massacre in which the MPLA killed a lot of adolescents, because

they belonged to a UNITA youth group. Their territory includes the capital Luanda. The communist MPLA became under Agosthino Neto the government and the civil war against the nationalistic fascistic UNITA

with her leader Jonas Savimbi started.

The UNITA is a tribalistic party, founded by Dr. Jonas Savimbi, a former general secretary of the FNLA. Savimbi is a very popular, but as well a very vain man. He left the FNLA because of the corruption. The Supporters are mostly the Ovimbundu, a large ethnic group, which are especially farmers. The party feels representative for the real Africans, not influenced by European culture. The UNITA wants a democratic system in Angola.

This party was also supported by the USA, later they had to get their money by selling diamonds illegally. The military tactic of the UNITA is the destruction of the city infrastructure. To cut the flow of arms to the UNITA, the UN put a ban on diamond exports on Angola. The largest problem of that party is that they lost the democratic elections. Since than, they were only terrorists.

The FLEC is a non important party that fights for the independence of Cambinda. Cambinda is an enclave city in the north of Angola. In difference to the rest of Angola, the main language in there is French, which is spoken by 80% of the inhabitants. In addition to that, Cambinda got a lot of Offshore oil fields.